Black History Month is celebrated in February to honor and recognize the achievements, history, and contributions of African Americans to society. The choice of February stems from the birthdays of two significant figures in African American history: Abraham Lincoln (born February 12) and Frederick Douglass (born in February, though the exact date is uncertain). Both men played critical roles in the fight for the abolition of slavery and the advancement of civil rights for African Americans, making their birthdays a fitting occasion to commemorate Black history.
History of Black History Month:
- Origins of Negro History Week: Black History Month originally started as Negro History Week in 1926, founded by historian Carter G. Woodson. Woodson, who was one of the first African American scholars to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University, believed that Black Americans’ contributions to the nation’s history were often overlooked or minimized. He chose the second week of February for this celebration to coincide with the birthdays of Lincoln and Douglass, both of whom had significant impacts on African American freedom and rights.
- Expansion to Black History Month: In the 1960s, during the height of the Civil Rights Movement, the week-long celebration of Black history gained momentum, and the idea of dedicating an entire month to the history and achievements of African Americans began to take hold. In 1976, as part of the U.S. Bicentennial celebrations, the week was expanded into Black History Month. President Gerald Ford officially recognized February as Black History Month, encouraging Americans to “seize the opportunity to honor the too-often neglected accomplishments of Black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history.”
Why February?
- Carter G. Woodson’s Choice: The significance of February being chosen for Black History Month comes from Woodson’s personal connection to the month, with Lincoln and Douglass’s birthdays serving as key moments in history related to the emancipation of enslaved African Americans.
- Historical Figures’ Birthdays: While Lincoln and Douglass are important figures, February also serves as a broader reminder of the countless African Americans who shaped history in various ways, including leaders, inventors, artists, activists, and everyday people whose stories continue to inspire.
Conclusion:
Black History Month is observed in February as a tribute to the historical milestones and individuals who have fought for African American rights and recognition. It provides an opportunity to reflect on the past, celebrate achievements, and continue the work of social justice and equality for all.